n. 12/2024 103 TECHNOLOGY intercambiabili, che conferiscono quindi una grande versatilità di impiego. La trasmissione meccanica è strutturata su un certo numero di marce avanti e indietro, per una velocità di avanzamento che varia di solito tra 1 e 8 km/h, in funzione della lavorazione da svolgere e delle condizioni operative. I principali modelli sono dotati di differenziale sempre in presa o con il blocco innestabile dall’operatore, in modo da migliorare la manovrabilità e l’aderenza della macchina. Riguardo a quest’ultimo aspetto, per incrementare il peso aderente del mezzo, è possibile applicare piccole zavorre in ghisa (a partire da 15 kg) collocate all’interno dei cerchi delle ruote o zavorre più consistenti (oltre 40 kg) fissate a sbalzo in posizione anteriore. Analogamente alla motozappa, anche il motocoltivatore si conduce attraverso stegole e sono ovviamente sempre presenti i dispositivi di sicurezza per l’arresto immediato della macchina. Un’altra differenza sostanziale che caratterizza il motocoltivatore è la reversibilità di 180° delle stegole, per consentirne l’impiego in entrambe le direzioni di marcia, permettendo quindi l’accoppiamento con diverse tipologie di attrezzi. Quelli più comuni spaziano dalle zappatrici a rotore (che di fatto sono gli utensili pensati come dotazione originaria della macchina) e dalle vangatrici, agli aratri a versoio (anche reversibili) o rotativi, sino agli assolcatori, agli erpici rotanti, agli interrasassi e alle seminatrici. Per la fienagione sono disponibili sul mercato vari tipi di falciatrici (a lame oscillanti o rotanti), piccoli ranghinatori/voltafieno e mini-rotoimballatrici. Per la pulizia di superfici e di aree incolte è possibile montare spazzolatrici, pale, turbine spazzaneve, trinciaerba, trinciasarmenti. Sono disponibili inoltre anche fresaceppi, pacciamatrici e scavapatate. Non mancano i rimorchi e le barre irroratrici. Infine, vi sono anche accessori per lavorazioon larger plots and on soils that are also highly tenacious. It is also distinguished by considerable multifunctionality, being able to have a wide range of working machinery that can be coupled and of equipment. Mechanically, the rototiller has a robust structure, with an endothermic gasoline or diesel engine of variable power, usually between 3.5 and 13 kW and more, making it suitable even for relatively intensive work. Unlike the tiller, the rototiller is equipped with a motion transmission that drives a pair of drive wheels (which can be equipped with tires with ribs, or alternatively with metal cages or even with tracks, usually made of rubber), which allow it to work on various types of soil. It is equipped with a quick hitch with mechanical power take-off for coupling with various interchangeable implements, thus giving great versatility of use. The mechanical transmission is structured on a number of forward and reverse gears for a forward speed that usually varies between 1 and 8 km/h, depending on the work to be done and the operating conditions. The main models are equipped with a differential that is always engaged or with the lock engaged by the operator so as to improve the machine's maneuverability and grip. Concerning the latter aspect, to increase the adherent weight of the machine, small cast-iron ballasts (starting at 15 kg) placed inside the wheel rims or larger ballasts (over 40 kg) fixed cantilevered at the front can be applied. Similar to the tiller, the rototiller is also driven by means of handlebars, and safety devices are, of course, always present to stop the machine immediately. Another major difference that characterizes the rototiller is the 180° reversibility of the handlebars, which allows it to be used in both directions of travel, thus allowing it to be coupled with different types of implements. The most common ones range from rotor hoes (which are, in fact, the tools thought of as the original equipment of the machine) and spading machines to mouldboard plows (also reversible) or rotary plows, furrows, power harrows, stone buriers and seed drills. For haymaking, various types of mowers (with oscillating or rotating blades), small rakes/hay rakes, and mini-round balers are available on the market. Sweepers, shovels, snow blowers, flail mowers, and mulchers can be mounted to clean surfaces and uncultivated areas. Stump cutters, mulchers, potato diggers, trailers, and spray booms are also available. Finally, equipment for fixed-point work, such as shredders, irrigation pumps and circular saws, is also available. Which to choose? The former is ideal for secondary tillage, while the latter is more versatile and multipurpose. For both machines, however, operating limits must be carefully considered: given the modest engine power and the limited working width of the attachments, working capacity cannot be high. With larger models, performance improves, but sometimes at the expense of driving comfort, which is more strenuous for operators, as the mass can exceed 250 kg. A further issue, again Un motocoltivatore di potenza elevata (da: https://www.goldoni.com) A high-powered rototiller (from: https://www.goldoni.com) Un motocoltivatore dotato di cingoli in gomma (da: https://www.deleks.it) A rototiller equipped with rubber tracks (from: https://www.deleks.it)
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